epa03875077 Members of Armed Forces and Police stand guard outside Sabaneta Jail, Venezuela, 19 September 2013. Venezuelan Minister of Penitentiary Service Iris Varela ordered on 19 September 2013 the evacuation of this prison where 16 inmates died in a fight on 17 September 2013. Valera said the brawl was part of an 'internal war' in the prison. EPA/HUMBERTO MATHEUS
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Ενδεικτικό της παγκόσμιας κατάστασης, από τις συνολικά 163 χώρες της λίστας, στις 108 (66,3%) εξ αυτών παρατηρήθηκε αύξηση της στρατικοποίησης.
Ο Παγκόσμιος Δείκτης Ειρήνης είναι ένα σύστημα μέτρησης που έχει υιοθετηθεί από διεθνές think tank «Ινστιτούτο για την Οικονομία και την Ειρήνη (IEP)». Παίρνοντας υπόψη 23 διαφορετικούς δείκτες για κάθε χώρα, προσπαθεί να ποσοτικοποιήσει τον βαθμό ειρήνης που υπάρχει σε κάθε χώρα.
Μερικοί δείκτες που χρησιμοποιεί είναι: στρατιωτικές δαπάνες, εισαγωγές και εξαγωγές όπλων, κλίμακα πολιτικής τρομοκρατίας, θάνατοι από εσωτερικές και εξωτερικές συγκρούσεις, πυρηνικά και βαριά όπλα, αντιλήψεις για την εγκληματικότητα, ποσοστό ανθρωποκτονιών, πολιτική αστάθεια, βίαια εγκλήματα και διαδηλώσεις.
Παρόλο που στη λίστα περιλαμβάνονται 163 χώρες από τις συνολικά 195 (193 μόνιμα συν 2 μέλη-παρατηρητές) του ΟΗΕ, το ποσοστό του παγκόσμιου πληθυσμού που καλύπτουν αυτές είναι το 99,7%.
Για άλλον έναν χρόνο, τον πέμπτο συνολικά, η «συνολική» παγκόσμια ειρήνη έχει μειωθεί. Κύριοι λόγοι πίσω από αυτό είναι η συνέχιση του πολέμου Ρωσίας-Ουκρανίας, και η κλιμάκωση του πολέμου στη Μέση Ανατολή, με τη Χεζμπολάχ και το Ιράν να έχουν μπει για τα καλά στην εξίσωση. Για πρώτη φορά το 2024, στο νούμερο ένα της λίστας βρίσκεται μια νέα χώρα, που δεν έχει υπάρξει ποτέ στη θλιβερή αυτή κορυφή.
Εντύπωση προκαλεί ότι τα ποσοστά στρατιωτικοποίησης αυξήθηκαν περισσότερο φέτος από ό,τι σε ολόκληρη την ιστορία του Δείκτη, έχοντας υπερμεγέθη αντίκτυπο στη μείωση της συνολικής ειρήνης. Από τις 163 χώρες, οι 108 (66,3%) από αυτές είδαν αύξηση στη στρατιωτική τους δραστηριότητα.
Στην αντίθετη άκρη της λίστας, στις πέντε πρώτες θέσεις, οι χώρες που απολαμβάνουν το μεγαλύτερο σκορ ειρήνης είναι με φθίνουσα σειρά η Ισλανδία, η Δημοκρατία της Ιρλανδίας, η Αυστρία, η Νέα Ζηλανδία και η Σιγκαπούρη.
Οι δέκα χώρες που για το έτος 2024 είναι οι λιγότερο ειρηνικές σύμφωνα με τον Δείκτη είναι:
10. Μάλι
epa11609790 Military personnel in plain cloth direct traffic after an attack in Bamako, Mali, 17 September 2024. According to the General Staff of the Armed Forces, a group of terrorists attempted to infiltrate the Feladie gendarmerie school on the outskirts of the capital early on 17 September morning. The military government of Mali has been fighting rebel groups since taking power in a coup in 2021. EPA/HADAMA DIAKITE
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9. Ισραήλ
epaselect epa11658143 An Israeli soldier of the Golani Brigade attending the funeral of their 19-year-old comrade Yosef Hieb, killed by a UAV strike at their base near Haifa, at his village of Tuba Zangaria, 14 October 2024. The Israeli Army reoprted that a UAV launched by Hezbollah hit the army base adjacent to Binyamina, killing four soldiers and a total of 61 injured. EPA/ATEF SAFADI
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8. Συρία
epa11108392 Fighters of Syria Democratic Forces (SDF) stand guard during a search operation inside the al-Hol camp for refugees in al-Hasakah governorate, northeastern Syria, 27 January 2024. The SDF forces launched a search campaign in cooperation with the US-led global coalition inside al-Hol camp in search of people suspected of belonging to Islamic State 'IS' cells, as well as searching for weapons and verifying the identities of the camp residents. Al-Hol camp houses arround 45,000 people, mostly women and children, these are displaced Syrians, Iraqi refugees and more than 10,000 foreigners from around sixty countries. EPA/AHMED MARDNLI
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Θέση το 2023: 3
7. Ρωσία
epa10709199 A poster depicting servicemen from private military company (PMC) Wagner Group and a slogan reading ‘Join the winning team’ in St. Petersburg, Russia, 24 June 2023. Russian authorities on 24 June raided the Wagner offices after the group’s chief said in a video that his troops had occupied the building of the headquarters of the Southern Military District in Rostov-on-Don, demanding a meeting with Russia’s defense chiefs. Russian President Putin said in a televised address to the nation that counter-terrorism measures were enforced in Moscow and other Russian regions. EPA/ANATOLY MALTSEV
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6. Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό
epa11580419 Relatives and friends mourn the death of internally displaced persons who died as a result of the conflict with Rwanda, in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, 02 September 2024. A prayer ceremony took place for some 200 victims of the ongoing conflict with rebel group allegedly backed by Rwanda, before a burial at Kibati cemetery. Authorities blamed the March 23 Movement (M23) rebels for the deaths that occurred 'over several months'. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda reached a ceasefire agreement mediated by Angola and came into effect on 04 August. EPA/MARIE JEANNE MUNYERENKANA
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5. Ουκρανία
epa09814916 A woman coming from Bucha town, which is currently controlled by the Russian military, walks towards the Ukrainian checkpoint, at the frontline in Irpin town, Kyiv (Kiev) region, Ukraine, 10 March 2022. Thousands of residents are feeling Irpin and Bucha, as well as other settlements near Kyiv which were the most affected by the Russian army invasion. EPA/ROMAN PILIPEY
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4. Αφγανιστάν
epa11602663 Afghans Taliban security officials stand guard as they check people and vehicles at a checkpoint, in Kabul, Afghanistan, 13 September 2024. Gunmen killed 14 people and injured six others in a Shiite-majority area of Daikundi province in central Afghanistan in one of the deadliest attacks this year, with the Islamic State group claiming responsibility for the assault. The attack occurred as Hazara Shiite individuals were traveling between Ghor and Daikundi provinces, and was condemned by the Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid, who vowed to seek justice for the victims. The UN mission in Afghanistan expressed condolences and called for an investigation, highlighting the ongoing security challenges posed by ISIS, which has increasingly targeted Shiite communities in recent years. EPA/SAMIULLAH POPAL
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Θέση το 2023: 1
3. Νότιο Σουδάν
epaselect epa10629414 A South Sudanese man looks on as he sits on a boat on the Nile river at the fluvial port of Renk, in the Upper Nile State town of Renk, South Sudan, 14 May 2023 (issued 15 May 2023). According to Mohajer Mhadi Khalifa, head of the boats union in charge of regulating the transport on the Nile in Renk, five boats are planned to transport the returnees to their areas of origin on the Nile towards the Southern Town of Malakal and other locations. On 14 May 2023 a group of 348 people embarked for the trip, following 577 others who made the same trip the previous day after days of waiting in the fluvial port of Renk. The transport was coordinated and organized by the IOM, Caritas and the RCC (the South Sudanese Relief and Rehabilitation Commission). According to the United Nations, some 200,000 people have fled the conflict in Sudan between 15 April and 12 May 2023. Most of them left towards neighboring countries such as Egypt, Tchad, South Sudan or Ethiopia, and about two million people were internally displaced. Leaving behind them the armed conflict between the Sudanese military and the RSF (Rapid Support Forces) militia, most of the refugees in South Sudan are South Sudanese returnees, part of the some 800,000 who had previously fled the war in South Sudan and who are now returning to a country which is barely out of conflict itself with tensions still remaining in many areas. EPA/AMEL PAIN ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET
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2. Σουδάν
epa07650644 People gather to welcome Deputy Chairman of the Transitional Military Council rally in Sudan Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemedti during a rally in Qarry village, some 45kms from Khartoum, Sudan, 15 June 2019. According to media reports, Hemedti said on 15 June that the ruling military council was willing to have talks with protesters who are calling for a civilian government to rule the country. EPA/STRINGER
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epa11488077 Houthi supporters brandish weapons during a protest against the US and Israel, in Sana'a, Yemen, 19 July 2024. Thousands of people participated in the protest in solidarity with the Palestinian people and condemning the US support for Israel's military operation in the Gaza Strip, amid the Houthis’ escalating maritime attacks in the seas around Yemen. The protest came after Yemen's Houthis claimed a drone attack against Israel's Tel Aviv in solidarity with the Palestinians, in the context of the armed conflict that began in October 2023 between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. EPA/YAHYA ARHAB
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